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The mission Venera-D is included in the Russian Federal Space Program. The aim of the mission is investigation of the surface, atmosphere and plasma environment of Venus to understand the formation and evolution of the planet and its atmosphere.
Venus was actively studied by Soviet and US missions in 60-80-th years of the last century. The investigations carried out both from the orbit and in situ were highly successful. After a 15-years break in space research of Venus, the ESA Venus Express mission, launched in 2005, successfully continues its work on orbit around Venus. In 2010 the launch of the Japanese Climate Orbiter (Planet-C) mission is planned. However, many questions concerning the structure and evolutions of the planet Venus, which are the key questions of comparative planetology and very essential for understanding the evolution of the terrestrial climate, cannot be solved by observations only from an orbit. Now in Russia the new investigation phase of Venus begins: the mission Venera-D is included in the Russian Federal Space Program to be launched in 2016-2017.
The conception of the mission includes the lander, orbiter and subsatelite.
Conseption of the mission
